Abstract

https://doi.org/10.58984/smbic250101071z

The actual problem, we are trying to reveal in our study, – the identification of physiological characteristics allowing, to carry out earlier allocation of successful in competitions figure skaters – singles. We are trying to reveal in our study is the identification of physiological characteristics, allowing to carry out, earlier allocation the successful in competitions figure skaters – singles. The results obtained can be used in sports selection for women’s national figure skating teams. The results of the study will allow coaches to make a timely correction of the training process in figure skaters with low potential in the implementation of the content of motor programs in competitions. In order to fulfill the purpose of the experiment, physiological testing of 30 highly qualified female figure skaters: female figure skaters – single skaters, engaged in figure skating, with a sports experience of figure skating -11, 58 ± 0, 98 years was carried out. According to the success rate of performance in competitions, 2 groups of athletes were selected: gr1 (n=8) – figure skaters taking prize-winning places in competitions; gr2 (n=22) – figure skaters actively participating in competitions, but not taking prizewinning places. Modern research methods used to assess the functional state and physical qualities of figure skaters: psychophysiological testing performed by using the computer program “Explorer of spatial and temporal properties of the nervous system (Yu.V. Koryagina, S.V. Nopin (2003)), the mental performance of figure skaters judged by the results of the three-stage test “Mental performance” with increasing cognitive load (V.V. Son’kin (2009)). The results of physical performance of female athletes were judged by the results of the Kenneth Cooper test in the form of a smooth run performed in the standardized conditions of the university ‘s athletics arena. The state of cardiorespiratory system judged by tonometry and spirometry (electronic spirometer C – Spiro 100). Conclusions about the differences in vertical stability were made on the basis of computer stabilometry data when skaters performed a battery of tests: “Target”, “Stability in Romberg pose”, performed on 2 – x legs and separately on each leg tests “Stability in a specific stance ”Roll out”, performed by skaters separately on the right and left legs. The conclusions reflect the results of the obtained differences in the comparison groups, proved mathematically using in Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 25 programs. As a result, of physiological testing we have revealed significant differences in psychomotor and physical performance of figure skaters, emphasizing the greater ability of successful skaters to resist fatigue and develop more actively, when performing cognitive loads of increasing complexity. The results of the stabilometric test “Stability in a specific stance “Roll out”, performed by skaters on the dominant, right leg with visual control, were found to be the most informative for differences in the comparison groups. All our skaters from the 1 gr were right-handed. It has been established, that figure skaters, who successfully perform in competitions, have better coordination abilities, which is determined by the active participation of subcortical structures and cerebellum in the maintenance of vertical posture. In the stabilometric test “Stability in a specific stance ”Roll out“”, performed by skaters on the dominant, supporting right leg with visual control, we found the maximum number of reliable differences in the indicators of skaters from gr1, compared to athletes gr2. That were noted: a shorter length of the trajectory along the sagital and low speed of the center of pressure movement when performing test tasks, which emphasizes the greater efficiency of postural control necessary to maintain an upright posture. Figure skaters, who are less successful in competitions, have worse coordination abilities, which is determined by the more active participation of higher regulatory systems (cortex and subcortex) in maintaining posture. The revealed differences can be useful for sports selection of single figure skaters in the national team of single figure skating and for the correction of the training process of single figure skaters.